Improvement in pumps



, the cylinder.; Fig. 3a plan of thezlpiston, the

. which cylinder the piston reciprocates, fforctaching the pump to the plank, the Twhole ar-.f

ment in Pumps 4 and I, MARY P. 'WATTERSf PATsufr OFFICE.,

i. MARY P. /VATTERS, 0F1E'ASTV` BENDQKENTUCKY, ADMINISTRATRIX OF WALTER E. WATTERS,`DEGEASED, ASSIGNOR TO AQUILA H.

ING, y' OF SALEM, zIOWA.

PICKER- Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 45,799, dated January 3, 1865.

To aZZwhom/.itmay concern: -1 1 Beit knownv that WALTERWA'BTERS, formerly of Lockport, in the county Vof Niagdid invent a certainne-wand useful Improveof East Bend, in the county'of Boone and State of Kentucky, administratrix of the estate of the said WALTER E. WATTERS, dof-hereby` declare that thefollowing is a full andy exact description thereof, reference being hadto the accompanying drawings, making part Vof" thisl specification. Y

Figure l is a central vertical section of the improvedpump `Fig.` 2, a plan,l of thefbottom or valve portion of thepump detachedffrom piston or eduction tube being inwcross-sec tion; Fig. 4, a perspectiveview-of one of the port rims or frames `that is cast in the piston Fig. 5, a similar view of the valve thatiscast in the piston Figsf and 7, a rear` and side view, respectively, vof theA lug-fastening by which thepump issecured to theplank.

Like letters of referencev indicate corre sponding parts in all the figures. l This pump is a forcepump nfwhich'a cyl-f inder is employed having a side passage, in

ing-the water upward in-both theV down and up strokes.

i `The-,invention consists inthe combination of a hollow or tubnlarpiston-rod with `such a double-acting force-pump;y also, in the con; struction of the piston-headitself,` having cast therein the port rims or frames and the valve; and, furthermore,.in the manner of atran ged and operating substantially as herein-V after set forth.

As represented in the drawings,A is a suitable pump-cylinder, having a side -passage or pipe, B, that communicates at the top by an-t opening, a. bolted to a bottom, G, of similar outline form, thejoint being made tight by proper packy ing, b. This bottom is provided with two compartmentSfLQ f l by aparti -upward one, as in ordinary devices. yment and dirt are thereby prevented from entering the pump to obstruct the valves or the This cylinder rests upon and is.`

tion,lile"eon1partmentclopening int the cylinder proper, while c "opens into the side clearly in :Figs A1 and 4.

passage, B. .Beneath these compartments is [situated an 'induction-passage, D, and communication is sustained through by means of ports ffl, covered,respectively, by valves g g. The passage D extends out on one side beyond thefplane of the cylinder, forming a mouth, l1,

f as shownclearly in Figs. 1 and 2. This is for the purpose of-receiving the water into the pump in `a downward `direction instead of an Sediother Working parts.' Muchvdifficulty is usually experienced inf common pumps from the same being situated near the bottom of the Well and having the ports opening directly downward, so that mnd can be drawn in.

In addition tothe advantage above defscribe'd, the retaining of the Water in the passage `D. equalizes the action, so that the valves lwillrwork more regularly and uniformly than :if they opened directly from the bottom of the zpump. lFurthermore, as the mouth It is only f ofjustfsuch size as to admit the necessary amount of water as it is raised, and as it is lsituatedonly on one side, sticks, chips, and

other light substances that doa-t on the water are not liable tov enter, as theywould do if the mouth exposed alarge surface or extended all the way round.

In the cylinder proper, A, playsa piston head, E, whose rod or shaft G .passes up through a water-packing seat, H, at the head of the cylinder.y Both this piston and its shaft are peculiar in their construction. The

lpiston is provided on opposite sides with inductionpassages t' 17, the former opening from the top and the latter'from the bottom, so'that in the downstroke the water will enter @through and in the upstroke through 'i'.

The top of the piston above tand the bottom below t" are both closed bya ioor, 7c, so `that `there is@ no escape for the water that enrespectively ports formed by skeleton rims or frames I and I', preferably, but not necessarily-,of inverted-arched'form, as shown most These skeleton lmes are first cast or formed separately and are then cast in the piston by being placed. in the sand or mold. The position of the parts is such that a central angular space, l, is formed in the center of the piston, as shown clearly in Fig. ],and in this space restsasimple leaf-valve, K, Fig. 5. This valve is also cast separate at first, similarly to the port rims or frames, and is provided with small Journals m m. On being fixed or rammed 7 in the sand, small pins a n, red lines, Fig. 5, are inserted over the tops of the journals to hold them in place during the process of casting. rIhus arranged, the valve sh-uts against either port by the pressure of water .against it on the opposite side. To illustrate: In the the downstroke, as indicated in Figi, the

pressure is through the port I, and colise-v quently the water forces the valve against the port I', shutting oft' the' current in that direction and forcingit up through the hollow I shaft of the piston, as will presently be described; but in the upstroke the valve is forced against the opposite port, I, as indicated by red lines, thus allowing the water to pass through in the opposite direction.

The piston is thus constructed without being formed of parts that may be disconnected-that is, the piston constitutes a whole in itself. Ordinary pistons are made of several parts, that are united by screw-threads, dto., which are thus not only costly in construction, requiring a good deal of fitting, but also, by being made of man-y detached parts, are liable'to become unscrewed, disa-r ranged, and are difficult to keep in order. In this device there is no-possibility of disarran gement under ordinary circumstances. If the device is properly made, the whole will last till long use has made it worthless. 1n order to accommodate this peculiar construction of the piston, it is necessary th at the port rims or fra-mes and the valve should be cast in separate, for the sand cannot be so molded as to i'orm these ports without constructing the piston of several members, which it is one object of this invention to avoid. klil/hen the port rims or frames are cast in, the contraclion of the cast. metal `around them binds them securely in place, so that there is no danger of their disarrangement. i

F rom the centra-l space, l, of the piston the water passes upward into the shaft or' rod G, which is made hollow or tubular for the purpose, and is attached to the piston as shown in Fig. l. A hollow shaft has been before employed for raising water, but not, so far as is known, in combination with a double-acting torce-pump. an independent elevating-pipe is dispensed with, thus greatly Vlessening the expense. Economy of space is also secured. It is sometimes the case that such a pump is fitted in a very deep well, which has to be bored to receive it. Itl an outside independent pipe is employed, the diameter of the bore has to be greatertoreceivcit. Further,thesameamount By this means the necessity of i of metal in the piston shaft orrod secures greater strength by being tubular than soliti By being situated centrally of the cylinde the piston-shaft insures the raising of the water with less resistance and friction than if it opened from one side ofthe center; and, lastly,

-to the pump7 for the reason that the patterns so arranged cannot be drawn out of the sand. To obviate this difficulty, lugs o o are cast to the cylinder, having notches or depressions pp formed therein, open at the outer end, that the patterns may be drawn out. Through these notches pass bolts, extending'through the plank, having a nut and head at the eX- tremities, as usual. This deviceis very convenient and forms a secure fastening, so that the pump cannot become detached under ordinary circumstances.

l do not claim simply a hollow shaft in which the water is raised by the'up and down stroke of the same, as I am aware that the same has been before employed; but

What I claim as the invention of the said WALTER E. WATTERS, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In combination with the hollow pistonvshaft Gr, cylinder A, and side passage or pipe B, a piston E, so constructed that the Water in both the up and down stroke will be forced centrally through the piston into the tubular shaft Gr, substantially as described. 2. Providing the piston E with the independent port-frames'I l', and the valve K, moving between them so as alternately to close each in the upward and downward strokes, substantially as herein specified.

3. The specialconstruction and arrangementv ,of the piston as a whole, the same being provided with the induction-passages t t', ports I I', valve K, and angular space l, substantially as described.

4. In combination with the pump-cylinder A, side passage or pipe, B, and valves g gff, the elongated passage D, opening on one side upward by the mouth h, substantially as and for the purpose herein set forth.

In witness whereof' I have hereunto signed my name in t-he presence of two subscribing witnesses.

MARY I. VATTEBS,

Executr'ix. 

